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Charles Abercrombie Smith
Sir Charles Abercrombie Smith (12 May 1834 - 1 May 1919) was a prominent scientist, politician and civil servant of the Cape Colony.
==Early life==
Charles Abercrombie Smith was born on 12 May 1834 in St Cyrus, Kincardineshire, Scotland, and studied physics and mathematics at the University of Glasgow. In the 1850s he worked as an assistant to Lord Kelvin on experiments with thermo-electricity but, after a serious health breakdown, he emigrated and settled in the Cape Colony in 1860.〔''Who was who, Vol. 2''. 4th ed. London: Adam & Black, 1967.〕
He initially working as a land surveyor in the Eastern Cape (near Kat River) for a few years, where he became somewhat acquainted with the Xhosa people, language and culture, as well as with the pressures on their communities. He developed an interest in systems of land tenure that might better enable the Xhosa to combat white settler encroachment, and in the development of Xhosa farming settlements using new crops and livestock. His 1864 proposal, with Charles Pacalt Brownlee, for individual land ownership to replace communal land tenure in Xhosa areas dates from this period.
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